Restoration logo
search
cart
facebook twitter linkedin youtube
  • Sign In
  • Create Account
  • Sign Out
  • My Account
Restoration logo
  • NEWS
  • PRODUCTS
    • New Products & Technologies
    • Submit Your Product
    • Interactive Product Spotlights
  • EDUCATION
    • KnowHow.
    • Podcasts
    • Trade Shows & Expos
    • Training & Certification
    • Webinars
    • Whitepapers
  • TOPICS
    • Water Damage
    • Fire & Smoke Damage
    • Mold
    • Contamination
    • Odor
    • Contents
    • Architecture
    • Catastrophe
    • Cleaning
  • BUSINESS
    • Managing Your Business
    • Insurance/Legal Matters
  • BUYER'S GUIDE
  • VIDEOS
    • Ask Annissa
    • Ask the Expert
    • Ironclad Marketing Minute
    • TradeTalks
    • Video Channel
  • INFOCENTER
    • Mold and Mycotoxins
  • THE EXPERIENCE
    • Conference & Exhibition
    • Convention & Trade Show
    • R&R Special Issue
  • EMAG
    • eMagazine
    • Archive Issues
    • Contact
    • Advertise
  • SIGN UP
Mold RemediationNew Products and Technologies

Restoration Chemistry Part 2: Mold Remediation Chemicals

By Michael A. Pinto CSP, SMS, CMP, RTPE, FLS, ERS
mold remediation chemicals
October 8, 2020

For many people, discussions of chemistry are not only confusing; such conversations are actually scary. Too many individuals do not appreciate just how valuable a basic understanding of chemistry can be to their efforts as a cleaning or restoration professional. However, the value of a general knowledge of what chemicals are and how they work does not mean that someone has to wear a white lab coat and stand around bubbling glass beakers in a laboratory. To that end, the goal of this series of articles is to help the restoration and cleaning professional understand the basics about the various products used during their projects so they can:

  1. Take adequate safety precautions to prevent hazardous chemical exposures to their crew or building occupants,
  2. Have a base of information for making reasonable choices regarding chemical selection for different activities, and
  3. Understand enough about the products they are using so they can speak intelligently with customers, consultants, adjusters, occupants, and other project stakeholders.

 

Understanding Terminology

Restoration Chemistry Part I: Understanding the Benefits and Pitfalls of Using a Chemical on the Job Site
Revisit part I here!

Regardless of the industry or profession, every group has its own “twist” on common language to accommodate the specific terms which describe the activities that are unique to that group. For example, people who have even a little bit of experience in mold remediation have a baseline understanding of terms such as “colonies”, “fungal growth”, “normal fungal ecology”, “bioaerosol sampling cassette”, and “spores”. Their familiarity with mold remediation terminology may even extend to some of the terms that cross into the chemistry world, such as “antimicrobial” and “fungicide”. 

Clinical Terms Typically Used in Mold Remediation

Term Definition Notes
Antimicrobial General term for drugs, chemicals, or other substances that kill or slow the growth of microbes Includes antibiotics along with antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antifungal products.
Fungicide Chemical substance used to kill fungus or prevent it from growing Also known as antifungal. Some fungicides are also fungistats
Fungistat Chemical substance that prevents or inhibits the growth of fungi (sometimes without destroying the existing fungal colony or spore) Fungistats can provide short-term protection from mold growth on surfaces or have long-term residual action which can limit growth for months or years
Deodorizer A chemical used to conceal or remove an unpleasant smell Many deodorizers that mask bad smells add to the overall level of chemicals in the air rather than reducing it
Cleaner A chemical used to conceal or remove an unpleasant smell Many deodorizers that mask bad smells add to the overall level of chemicals in the air rather than reducing it
Cleaner Chemicals to get rid of dirt, dust, blemishes, and bad odors; usually from surfaces Many cleaners are combinations of soap/detergent, water, and surfactants. Depending on the cleaner, it can be used on building surfaces or people
Sanitizer A chemical used to decrease the amount of microbial contamination from surfaces Specific industries have rules which specify what percentage of microorganisms need to be killed for product be labeled a sanitizer. The EPA requires a sanitizer to have a kill rate of 99.9%
Disinfectant A chemical used to destroy, inactivate, or significantly reduce the concentration of pathogens (such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi The EPA requires a disinfectant to have a kill rate of 99.999%
Sterilizer A chemical that leaves the surface free of live bacteria or other microorganisms The EPA requires a sterilizer to have a minimum kill rate of 99.9999%
Mold stain remover A product used to lighten or remove discoloration caused by enzymes released by fungal organisms Mold stain removers are typically more aggressive than stain removers designed for fabrics and carpets as they are often used on lumber and sheathing

Or do they? Rather than make the assumption that individuals who are operating in the mold remediation field understand the real definition of terms that are bandied about with such frequency, it is better to start with a simple chart so everyone is building on the same foundation of knowledge. Some key chemical terms for mold remediation, and their proper definition, are provided here:

germs

Digging Into The Definitions

Understanding the terminology related to chemicals used in mold remediation allows additional knowledge to be built onto that solid base. For example, looking at the notes for the term “antimicrobial” leads to the logical conclusion that every antifungal chemical is an antimicrobial. But a deeper look shows that the reverse is not true; some antimicrobials can be effective against bacteria or parasites but not work against mold; so, there are many antimicrobials which are not effective against mold.

There are similar logical deductions to be made when considering the terms of fungicide and fungistat. The fact that a fungicide kills mold means that it, by definition, keeps it from growing. What many in the mold remediation industry do not get is that certain fungistats do not kill the fungal organisms. If the mold comes in contact with the chemical, or a treated surface, it does not propagate. However, unless the fungistat also has some mold killing propertie the spore could move to a different location and start a colony. The best example of this is some of the HVAC filters advertise that they prevent mold growth. Spores may not be able to grow on the filters, but if they are on the filter for a while, get dislodged and move into the mechanical components, they could start fungal colonies in the drip pan or other wet areas.

chemicals

Classes of Mold Remediation Chemicals

Another interesting fact that the definitions point out is that they are not mutually exclusive. In other words, the same chemical can be an antimicrobial, fungicide, and disinfectant depending on how it is formulated and registered. To make it more confusing, chemicals can be used for cross purposes. A sanitizer or disinfectant is often formulated so that it works well as a cleaner too. As such, many in the mold remediation industry end up using disinfectants during the cleaning process. That way the contractor provides some residual mold killing action if the physical process of cleaning is not completely successful in removing all of the colonies and spores.

The confusion that this interplay of terms creates means cleaning and restoration professionals should have a general understanding of the class of chemical they are using on different steps of their mold remediation project. Since the majority of chemicals used for mold remediation do carry the designation as a disinfectant, we can use that as a starting point. While it is true that a large number of chemicals have been utilized as disinfectants over the last 80 years, these nine are the ones that are in typical/frequent use today:

  1. Chlorine (bleach)
  2. Hydrogen peroxide
  3. Quaternary ammonium compounds
  4. Essential oils
  5. Alcohol
  6. Iodophors (iodine)
  7. Phenolics
  8. Formaldehyde
  9. Glutaraldehyde

Since the top four are the chemicals most frequently promoted for mold remediation, it is worth having a little deeper understanding of them. The first two classes of mold remediation chemicals on the list have an important point in common. Both chlorine and hydrogen peroxide are considered oxidizers because they either take in or give up loosely bound oxygen atoms from other compounds*.

Compounds that contain the element chlorine are chemically unstable so they are quickly inactivated by excess organic materials. What this means on a practical basis is that when bleach water comes in contact with the dirty surface, it quickly loses its ability to add and subtract oxygen atoms so its ability to break up microorganisms is lost. Although dirty or soapy bleach water may still smell like it is strong, that lingering odor is not reflective of its potency in dealing with bacteria or fungal organisms. Another significant concern for contractors using chlorine derivatives for mold remediation is its corrosiveness for many materials; including metals and living tissue. Still, it is quite common to see high percentages of chlorine being matched with hydrogen peroxide and surfactants in a number of the mold stain removers. While this combination allows the liquid to penetrate the surface and remove the discoloration, it also means that the products have a relatively short shelf life — months at best.

Since they are similar chemically, some of the same plusses and minuses that are attached to chlorine products go along with hydrogen peroxide products. Unless special additives are used as stabilizers, hydrogen peroxide can break down over time, even inside a closed container. Since light accelerates this process, hydrogen peroxide products are often packaged in opaque, rather than clear, containers. The primary benefits to hydrogen peroxide for mold work as compared to chlorine products are that the hydrogen peroxide does not have the same residual odor and it quickly breaks down into innocuous byproducts of water vapor and oxygen.

 

The Two Biggest Players

For mold remediation work of cleaning and killing fungus, the two most popular classes of chemicals are quaternary ammonium compounds and essential oils. Because of the length of the name, quaternary ammonium compounds are typically just referred to as “quats”. Quats are popular for mold work, and other situations where microbiological contaminants on surfaces are being addressed, because they have such a long history of effective use. Two other critical factors are that they are generally considered to be safe and that the chemistry is easily adapted so there are hundreds of individual formulations.

Still, there are downsides to quats. Like chlorine, quats easily bind to organic material, including soaps and extremely hard water. Therefore, surfaces that are going to be treated with a quat class of disinfectant should be clean and rinsed of soap residue before application. In addition, not all of the quat formulations are rated for viruses, fungi, and bacterial spores. From a health perspective, the overall safety of quats is tempered by the fact that prolonged contact with the skin can be irritating. Still, their wide range of effectiveness on the microorganisms, the fact that most of the formulations are noncorrosive, that quats are considered to be low in terms of toxicity, and that such chemicals are relatively inexpensive make them a favorite for mold remediation.

The class of mold remediation chemicals that has grown most rapidly over the last 10 years is formulated with essential oils. For the purposes of mold remediation, the best definition of essential oils is that they are chemicals extracted from plants that have naturally occurring antimicrobial properties. These chemicals are found in a wide variety of crops including herbs, citrus fruits, and tree leaves. The most common essential oils being marketed for mold remediation are connected with the herb thyme and citrus fruits such as orange and grapefruit. Although not as common in the US, tea tree oil is being promoted for mold remediation in many areas of the world.

The reason for the spectacular growth of essential oil products is their appeal as being “green” or “natural”. This does translate into products that can be safer for both the restoration contractor and the occupants. The fact that such chemicals have proven effectiveness as disinfectants and can also double as a deodorizer makes them very attractive for mold remediation work. But, be aware that concentrated chemicals, even naturally derived chemicals, can be irritating to skin and eyes.

chemicals in restoration

Applying Chemical Knowledge To Mold Remediation

Once the cleaning and restoration professional has a basic understanding of the terminology that describes chemistry related to mold remediation, the product advertisements and instruction sheets make a lot more sense. They quickly realize that there is a lot of chemical “tools” in the toolbox. Nevertheless, whichever tool is chosen the restoration professional needs to follow the manufacturer’s directions and procedures for use. That means everyone on the crew, not just the lead worker or superintendent, needs to understand what chemicals are being used, as well as the safety precautions that are necessary. Therefore, it is especially important that any time a new chemical is utilized for mold remediation, a specific use protocol be put in place before putting the new chemical, and associated application equipment, into the field.

When it comes to chemicals for mold remediation, knowledge leads to safety! 


*”Compounds” is the term used in chemistry for combinations of elements — the most basic substances found in nature that cannot be broken down by chemical reactions.

See more articles from our October issue!

KEYWORDS: innovations in restoration mold remediation mold removal

Share This Story

Looking for a reprint of this article?
From high-res PDFs to custom plaques, order your copy today!

Michael pinto

Michael A. Pinto is the owner of Pinto Solutions LLC, a consulting firm focused on identifying and managing indoor contaminants. He authored the first textbook on mold remediation and helped to develop many of the standards and guidelines used in the mold remediation industry. Michael can be reached at (269) 303-7149 or pintosolutionsllc@gmail.com 

Recommended Content

JOIN TODAY
To unlock your recommendations.

Already have an account? Sign In

  • mold remediation

    Fighting Mold and Bacteria Damage

    Successful mold remediation can be multidisciplinary,...
    Cleaning and Sanitation
    By: Josh Woolen
  • certifications and licenses for restoration professionals

    Certifications and Licenses Every Restoration Company Needs

    Restoration companies need to make sure they have the...
    Restoration Training/Education
    By: Sharon Elzarat
  • a wall covered in moss and fungus

    Zero Tolerance for Toxic Molds: Essential Steps for Successful Remediation

    Understanding the importance of zero tolerance for toxic...
    Mold Remediation
    By: Michael A. Pinto CSP, SMS, CMP, RTPE, FLS, ERS and Kendra Seymour
You must login or register in order to post a comment.

Report Abusive Comment

Manage My Account
  • eNewsletter
  • Online Registration
  • Subscription Customer Service
  • Manage My Preferences

More Videos

Popular Stories

Pop Art Female Superhero Punches a Masked Villain

TPAs vs. Independence: The Restoration Industry’s Own Version of the Cola Wars

RIA Carrier Advocate Mark Springer

Turning the Page: A New Era of Trust and Collaboration in Restoration

particle count hands-on demonstration of a HEPA filter

The Truth About HEPA Filters

Submit Your New Product/Technology to R&R!

Would you like to promote a new restoration, remediation or cleaning product/technology with Restoration & Remediation? Fill out the question below to start your submission:

Events

September 3, 2025

The Experience Convention and Trade Show

The Experience Convention & Trade Show logoJoin us in Las Vegas for The Experience Convention & Trade Show, the leading event for cleaning, restoration, and remediation pros, packed with hands-on demos, expert speakers, and high-impact networking. Happening September 3–5, 2025 at Caesars Forum—this is where the industry comes to learn, connect, and grow!

View All Submit An Event

Poll

Doffing PPE

When you are doffing your PPE, do you sanitize between every step?
View Results Poll Archive

Products

The Cleaning, Restoration, Inspection, and Safety Glossary

The Cleaning, Restoration, Inspection, and Safety Glossary

The Cleaning, Restoration, Inspection, and Safety Glossary.

See More Products
Prepare for CATASTROPHE with R&R!

Related Articles

  • fire repair chemicals

    Restoration Chemistry Part 3: Fire Repair Chemicals

    See More
  • Mycotoxins

    Mycotoxin Control as a Critical Part of Mold Remediation

    See More
  • a wall covered in moss and fungus

    Zero Tolerance for Toxic Molds: Essential Steps for Successful Remediation

    See More

Related Products

See More Products
  • deoderantization.jpg

    Comprehensive Deodorization

See More Products

Related Directories

  • Rytech Restoration of the Midlands

    No one plans for the destruction caused by water, fire or mold, but when it happens, the team at Rytech Restoration of The Midlands is here to help. Our certified specialists provide 24/7 emergency service to get you and your Columbia SC home or business back to normal as quickly as possible. From residential homes to commercial buildings, we specialize in mold remediation, water damage restoration, and fire and smoke damage cleanup. Our live specialists are ready to answer your questions and dispatch a local specialist to your door. Schedule a free inspection and estimate today!
  • Rytech Restoration of Nashville

    Rytech Restoration of Nashville provides 24/7/365 emergency service by certified technicians trained to get residential homes and commercial properties back to normal efficiently and fast! Our local experts utilize advanced detection devices to minimize demolition and industrial-grade equipment to rapidly dry water and fire damage and prevent mold growth. We specialize in water damage restoration repair, fire damage cleanup, mold removal, mold remediation, decontamination, and flood damage cleanup services. Live specialists are standing by, ready to answer your questions and dispatch a Rytech tech to your door. Schedule an inspection today!
  • Rytech Restoration

    Rytech Restoration provides 24 hour emergency restoration service by certified technicians trained to get homes and commercial properties back to normal efficiently and fast! As a leading disaster restoration network, our local experts utilize advanced detection devices to minimize demolition and industrial-grade equipment to rapidly dry water and fire damage and prevent mold growth. We specialize in water damage restoration repair, fire and smoke cleanup, mold removal, mold remediation, decontamination, and flood damage cleanup services. Live specialists are standing by 24/7 ready to answer your questions and dispatch a Rytech tech to your door.
×

Stay ahead of the curve with our eNewsletters.

Get the latest industry updates tailored your way.

JOIN TODAY!
  • RESOURCES
    • Advertise
    • Contact Us
    • Directories
    • Store
    • Want More
    • Submit a Press Release
  • SIGN UP TODAY
    • Create Account
    • eNewsletters
    • Customer Service
    • Manage Preferences
  • SERVICES
    • Reprints
    • Marketing Services
    • Market Research
    • List Rental
    • Survey/Respondent Access
  • STAY CONNECTED
    • LinkedIn
    • Facebook
    • YouTube
    • X (Twitter)
  • PRIVACY
    • PRIVACY POLICY
    • TERMS & CONDITIONS
    • DO NOT SELL MY PERSONAL INFORMATION
    • PRIVACY REQUEST
    • ACCESSIBILITY

Copyright ©2025. All Rights Reserved BNP Media.

Design, CMS, Hosting & Web Development :: ePublishing